磨床使用鑄鐵平板工作臺時導致運動不均勻的原因是哪些？
2017年09月11日
新聞詳情
在現代機械制造工業企業的生產中，由于產品品種的增加，質量的提高，作為jingmi加工工藝裝備的磨床所占比重也較大。因而，磨削設備的正常運行，對保證完成生產任務有著其重要的作用，液壓傳動磨床鑄鐵平板/鑄鐵平臺工作臺運動( 別是在低速運轉時)不均勻現象產生的原因如下。
(1)當液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設備(bei)停(ting)止工(gong)(gong)(gong)作一段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)后，油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)依靠自(zi)重返回油(you)(you)(you)箱。同時(shi)(shi)，因(yin)為系統密封裝置有間(jian)隙，空氣(qi)即(ji)由(you)此(ci)進入系統。當鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺再(zai)次啟(qi)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)，需要克(ke)服鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺與導軌(gui)之間(jian)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)靜摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)阻(zu)力(li)(li)(li)(靜摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)阻(zu)力(li)(li)(li)比動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)阻(zu)力(li)(li)(li)大(da)得多，有時(shi)(shi)可能大(da)一倍)。因(yin)而，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系統油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)達到能克(ke)服鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺阻(zu)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺才能移(yi)動(dong)，但因(yin)進油(you)(you)(you)腔中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺移(yi)動(dong)時(shi)(shi)被(bei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺開始移(yi)動(dong)后由(you)于油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)減(jian)低又(you)突(tu)(tu)然(ran)膨(peng)脹(zhang)(油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降低是因(yin)凈摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)變為動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca))而使鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺產(chan)生(sheng)沖擊運動(dong)，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)，排油(you)(you)(you)箱內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)被(bei)突(tu)(tu)然(ran)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)，使反阻(zu)力(li)(li)(li)加大(da)，在兩邊壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)平衡時(shi)(shi)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺—突(tu)(tu)然(ran)停(ting)頓。當壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)腔內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)再(zai)恢復到能夠克(ke)服靜摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)阻(zu)力(li)(li)(li)時(shi)(shi)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)平板(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺作如前所述的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環過程，也 是—斷續地直線(xian)運動(dong)，亦(yi)即(ji)一般說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)“爬行(xing)”。其周(zhou)期循(xun)環。
(2)磨(mo)床(chuang)導軌(gui)(gui)一般(ban)采(cai)用V形(xing)和平(ping)(ping)面(mian)導軌(gui)(gui)結合的形(xing)式，V形(xing)導軌(gui)(gui)保(bao)證鑄鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)工作(zuo)臺(tai)在(zai)水平(ping)(ping)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)內(nei)的直線度(du)(du)(du)，平(ping)(ping)面(mian)導軌(gui)(gui)保(bao)證其在(zai)垂直平(ping)(ping)面(mian)上的直線度(du)(du)(du)，兩條導軌(gui)(gui)組合一起(qi)，要求相互平(ping)(ping)行(xing)(xing)度(du)(du)(du)很高，導軌(gui)(gui)扭(niu)曲(qu)(qu)度(du)(du)(du)也高。如導軌(gui)(gui)相互平(ping)(ping)行(xing)(xing)度(du)(du)(du)和扭(niu)曲(qu)(qu)度(du)(du)(du)太(tai)大或在(zai)各段(duan)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)較大，即使鑄鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)工作(zuo)臺(tai)移(yi)動時所克服的阻力(li)不斷變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，而工作(zuo)油(you)(you)箱中的油(you)(you)壓不能適應其變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，故(gu)鑄鐵(tie)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)工作(zuo)臺(tai) 形(xing)成(cheng)時快時慢的不連續運動。
(3)如(ru)果(guo)液壓(ya)缸的(de)(de)圓度在全長上各處(chu)變(bian)化較大，則活(huo)塞與(yu)液壓(ya)缸之間隙大小不均，相應的(de)(de)摩擦(ca)力亦發生(sheng)變(bian)化，而使鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)平板鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)平板工作臺運動速度隨著變(bian)化。另外，活(huo)塞桿彎(wan)曲，在其移動時與(yu)密封(feng)圈(quan)的(de)(de)摩擦(ca)力經(jing)常(chang)變(bian)化，也是產生(sheng)爬行(xing)的(de)(de)原因之一。
(4)實(shi)際上磨床(chuang)工(gong)作時因(yin)為(wei)磨削面(mian)產生(sheng)的阻力其(qi)微小，鉗工(gong)平板工(gong)作臺(tai)運動是否(fou)輕(qing)便主要決(jue)定(ding)于(yu)導軌與鑄鐵(tie)平板工(gong)作臺(tai)之間(jian)摩擦情況，一般要求(qiu)兩滑動導軌而應(ying)生(sheng)成(cheng)一層油(you)膜，并保持其(qi)厚度(du)在0.005~0.008mm為(wei)宜，不(bu)應(ying)太厚，否(fou)則，影響加工(gong)度(du)。
磨(mo)床(chuang)軌道潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)注(zhu)(zhu)油(you)(you)方式有(you)兩(liang)種：一(yi)種是(shi)間隙(xi)注(zhu)(zhu)油(you)(you)，即鑄鐵平板(ban)工作臺往復一(yi)次壓(ya)入潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)一(yi)次另一(yi)種是(shi)連續注(zhu)(zhu)油(you)(you)，即當鑄鐵平板(ban)工作臺開(kai)動時(shi)，任(ren)何時(shi)候都有(you)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)壓(ya)入兩(liang)滑(hua)(hua)動面間。
后一(yi)種可(ke)保證充分潤(run)滑(hua)，采用較(jiao)為普遍。如果潤(run)滑(hua)不(bu)好，造成阻力不(bu)均勻，同樣也是產生爬行的原因之一(yi)。
(5)通(tong)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)液壓(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)進油(you)(you)(you)(you)口裝有過濾(lv)器，應保證油(you)(you)(you)(you)液有足夠的(de)通(tong)過量，網(wang)孔不能(neng)過小，如網(wang)孔太(tai)小， 易(yi)被雜(za)質堵塞。當(dang)液壓(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)運轉時則(ze)在(zai)(zai)吸(xi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)中形成(cheng)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)，而使部(bu)分(fen)油(you)(you)(you)(you)蒸(zheng)發，形成(cheng)“油(you)(you)(you)(you)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)”，亦(yi)可使溶(rong)解于(yu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)中的(de)小部(bu)分(fen)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)分(fen)離出來，同(tong)(tong)時在(zai)(zai)液壓(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)密(mi)封處(chu)吸(xi)入(ru)大量空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)，當(dang)“油(you)(you)(you)(you)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)”及空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)進入(ru)液壓(ya)(ya)缸，即會(hui)發生爬行現(xian)象。同(tong)(tong)樣道(dao)理，進油(you)(you)(you)(you)口直(zhi)徑(jing)過細，亦(yi)應保證液壓(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)所(suo)需油(you)(you)(you)(you)量通(tong)過，吸(xi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)口與過濾(lv)網(wang)底部(bu)保持相當(dang)距(ju)離(一般在(zai)(zai)50mm左右)如油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)直(zhi)徑(jing)小或管(guan)口與網(wang)底距(ju)離太(tai)近，亦(yi)會(hui)在(zai)(zai)液壓(ya)(ya)泵(beng)(beng)(beng)中造成(cheng)真(zhen)空(kong)(kong)現(xian)象。
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